NE - General Information

North East India comprises:

Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Sikkim
Tripura

International Boundaries:

North	China
South West	Bangladesh
North West	Bhutan
East	Myanmar

The region shares an international border of 5,182 kilometres (3,220 mi) (about 99 percent of its total geographical boundary) with several neighbouring countries - 1,395 kilometres (867 mi) with China in the north, 1,640 kilometres (1,020 mi) with Myanmar in the east, 1,596 kilometres (992 mi) with Bangladesh in the south-west, 97 kilometres (60 mi) with Nepal in the west, and 455 kilometres (283 mi) with Bhutan in the north-west. It comprises an area of 262,184 square kilometres (101,230 sq mi), almost 8 percent of that of India. The Siliguri Corridor connects the region to the rest of mainland India.

Country	Distance Cover (KM)	Direction
China	1395 (867 mi)	North
Myanmar	1640 (1020 mi)	East
Bangladesh	1596 (992 mi)	South-West
Nepal	97 (60 mi)	West
Bhutan	455 (283 mi)	North-West
Total	5182

Latitude : 21.57°N - 29.30°N

Longitude : 88°E - 97.30°E

Area covered : 262184 Sq. Km.

North East India is mostly hilly; it has plains on both sides of the river Brahmaputra and the Himalayan range around it. The flora and fauna of this region is numerous and varied.

The region accounts for 7.9% of the total land space of the country. Hill ranges forming part of the Himalayas guard the northern side of the region. The area is made up of mountains above the snow line and plains a little higher than sea level.

The region is of strategic importance for the country on account of the fact that nearly 90% of its borders form India's international boundaries.

Topography: About 70% of the region is hilly, and the topography varies within each state. Mountains and hills cover most of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Sikkim and about half of Tripura, one-fifth of Assam and nine-tenth of Manipur.

The plains of the region are mainly made up of separate land masses - the Brahmaputra Valley and the Barak Valley in Assam and the Tripura plains in the South. In Manipur, the valley is small, comprising only about 10% of the total area of the state.

The Brahmaputra Valley stretches longitudinally for about 730 km, from North Lakhimpur to Dhubri district in Assam. The Barak Valley, formed by the river Barak and its tributaries covers the districts of Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi of South Assam. The Tripura plain is an extension of the Ganga-Brahmaputra plain.

The topography of the hills is generally rugged and vast areas are inaccessible.

Rainfall: The rainy season in this region generally commences from March and lasts till the middle of October. The total annual rainfall varies significantly in the region. In Khasi and Jaintia Hills, the annual intensity of rainfall reaches the maximum of about 1080-cm around Cherrapunjee and Mawsynram (having highest rainfall in the world). It is significantly low in the rainshadow area of Nagaon district in Assam. About two-thirds of the annual total rainfall occurs during the four monsoon months of June to September.

Major Plantation: Tea

Major Crops: Rice

Major Minerals: Coal, Petroleum, & Natural Gas.

Major Religions: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism.

Languages spoken: English, Hindi, Assamese, Khasi, Garo, Jaintia, Manipuri, Mizo, Nagamese, Bengali, Nepali, Bhutia (Sikkimese), Bhutia (Tibetan), Lepcha, Limboo, Local dialects.

State-wise Rural and Urban Population, 2021 and 2022:

As on 1st July, 2022
State/UT	Estimated mid-year Population 2022 (as on 1st July, 2022)
State/UT	Rural	Urban	Total	Rural %
Arunachal Pradesh	1156000	395000	1551000	74.5
Assam	29996000	5494000	35490000	84.5
Manipur	2168000	1033000	3201000	67.7
Meghalaya	2640000	686000	3326000	79.4
Mizoram	555000	675000	1230000	45.1
Nagaland	1222000	996000	2218000	55.1
Sikkim	357000	327000	684000	52.2
Tripura	2533000	1585000	4118000	61.5
All India	898870000	480880000	1379750000	65.1
As on 1st July, 2021
State	Estimated Mid-year Population 2021 (As on 1st July, 2021)
State	Rural	Urban	Total	Rural %
Arunachal Pradesh	1149000	388000	1537000	74.8
Assam	29756000	5399000	35155000	84.6
Manipur	2157000	1015000	3172000	68
Meghalaya	2616000	679000	3295000	79.4
Mizoram	553000	666000	1219000	45.4
Nagaland	1243000	955000	2198000	56.6
Sikkim	368000	310000	678000	54.3
Tripura	2556000	1525000	4081000	62.6
All India	895038000	472135000	1367173000	65.5

Source: Rural Health Statistics 2020-21 and 2021-22

State-wise Area, Population, Growth Rate, Density, Sex Ratio and Literacy Rate in NE Region according to Census 2011:

State	Area in Sq. Km.	Population (Person)	Growth Rate	Density per sq. km.	Sex Ratio (females '000 males)	Literacy (%)
Arunachal Pradesh	83743	1383727	26.03	17	938	65.38
Assam	78438	31205576	17.07	398	958	72.19
Manipur	22327	2570390	12.05	115	992	79.21
Meghalaya	22429	2966889	27.95	132	989	74.43
Mizoram	21081	1097206	23.48	52	976	91.33
Nagaland	16579	1978502	-0.58	119	931	79.55
Sikkim	7096	610577	12.89	86	890	81.42
Tripura	10486	3673917	14.84	350	960	87.22
All India	3287240	1210193422	17.64	382	940	74.04

Source: census2011.co.in

State-wise Population Trends in North Eastern Region:

(Thousands Persons)

States	1921	1931	1941	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2011
Arunachal Pradesh*	-	-	-	-	337	468	632	865	1098	1384
Assam @	4637	5560	6695	8029	10837	14625	18041	22414	26656	31205
Manipur#	384	446	512	578	780	1073	1421	1837	2294	2570
Meghalaya	422	481	556	606	769	1012	1336	1775	2319	2967
Mizoram	98	124	153	196	266	332	494	690	889	1097
Nagaland	159	179	190	213	369	516	775	1210	1990	1978
Sikkim	82	110	122	138	162	210	316	406	541	610
Tripura	304	382	513	639	1142	1556	2053	2757	3199	3674
All India#	251321	278977	218661	361088	439235	548160	683329@	846303	1028737	1210193

* Censused for the first time in 1961

@ The 1981 Census could not be held in Assam. The population figures for 1981 for Assam have been worked out by interpolation

# India and and Manipur figures include estimated figure for three sub-divisions viz. Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul of Senapati district of Manipur as censused results of 2001 census were cancelled in these three sub-divisions due to technical and administrative reasons

Source: Basic Statistics of NER 2006

census2011.co.in

State-wise Distribution of Population according to Census 2011:

States	Population			Rural			Urban
States	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
Arunachal Pradesh	1383727	713912	669815	1066358	546011	520347	317369	167901	149468
Assam	31205576	15939443	15266133	26807034	13678989	13128045	4398542	2260454	2138088
Manipur	2570390	1290171	1280219	1736236	878469	857767	834154	411702	422452
Meghalaya	2966889	1491832	1475057	2371439	1194260	1177179	595450	297572	297878
Mizoram	1097206	555339	541867	525435	269135	256300	571771	286204	285567
Nagaland	1978502	1024649	953853	1407536	725472	682064	570966	299177	271789
Sikkim	610577	323070	287507	456999	242797	214202	153578	80273	73305
Tripura	3673917	1874376	1799541	2712464	1387173	1325291	961453	487203	474250
Total NER	45486784	23212792	22273992	37083501	18922306	18161195	8403283	4290486	4112797

Source: census2011.co.in

State-wise Total Scheduled Tribe (Male, Female Rural and Urban) Population according Census 2011:

States	Total/ Rural/ Urban	Schedule Cast Population			Schedule Tribe Population
States	Total/ Rural/ Urban	Total	Rural	Urban	Total	Rural	Urban
Arunachal Pradesh	Total	-	-	-	951821	789846	161975
	Male	-	-	-	468390	390625	77765
	Female	-	-	-	483431	399221	84210
Assam	Total	2231321	1825761	405560	3884371	3665405	218966
	Male	1145314	938664	206650	1957005	1847326	109679
	Female	1086007	887097	198910	1927366	1818079	109287
Manipur	Total	97042	47563	49479	902740	791126	111614
	Male	48714	24126	24588	450887	396464	54423
	Female	48328	23437	24891	451853	394662	57191
Meghalaya	Total	17355	11573	5782	2555861	2136891	418970
	Male	9157	6086	3071	1269728	1070557	199171
	Female	8198	5487	2711	1286133	1066334	219799
Mizoram	Total	1218	298	920	1036115	507467	528648
	Male	807	209	598	516294	257987	258307
	Female	411	89	322	519821	249480	270341
Nagaland	Total	-	-	-	1710973	1306838	404135
	Male	-	-	-	866027	665351	200676
	Female	-	-	-	844946	641487	203459
Sikkim	Total	28275	20335	7940	206360	167146	39214
	Male	14454	10496	3958	105261	86059	19202
	Female	13821	9839	3982	101099	81087	20012
Tripura	Total	654918	437993	216925	1166,813	1117566	49247
	Male	334370	224498	109872	588327	563908	24419
	Female	320548	213495	107053	578486	553658	24828
Total NER	Total	3030129	2343523	686606	9752260	8385601	1366659
	Male	1552816	1204079	348737	4887502	4222301	665201
	Female	1477313	1139444	337869	4864758	4163300	701458

Source: census2011.co.in

State-wise Number of Literates in NE Region according to Census 2011:

State	Number of Literates
State	Total	Male	Female	Rural	Urban
Arunachal Pradesh	766005	439868	326137	535902	230103
Assam	19177977	10568639	8609338	15685436	3492541
Manipur	1768181	960015	808166	1142564	625617
Meghalaya	1785005	913879	871126	1315154	469851
Mizoram	848175	438529	409646	363334	484841
Nagaland	1342434	723957	618477	896663	445771
Sikkim	444952	251269	193683	321930	123022
Tripura	2804783	1501369	1303414	1992773	812010

Sources: census2011.co.in

State-wise Number of Literacy Rate in NE Region according to Census 2011:

State	Average Literacy Rate (%)
	Total	Male	Female	Rural			Urban
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
Arunachal Pradesh	65.38	72.55	53.52	59.94	67.44	49.14	82.93	88.45	67.14
Assam	72.19	77.85	63.00	69.34	75.40	60.05	88.47	91.81	79.85
Manipur	79.21	86.06	71.73	76.20	83.39	67.03	85.38	91.68	81.66
Meghalaya	74.43	75.95	71.88	69.92	71.46	67.15	90.79	92.46	89.24
Mizoram	91.33	93.35	86.72	84.10	88.16	75.23	97.63	97.98	97.02
Nagaland	79.55	82.75	70.01	75.35	78.96	66.50	89.62	91.62	78.30
Sikkim	81.42	86.55	66.39	78.95	84.62	62.97	88.71	92.35	76.63
Tripura	87.22	91.53	78.98	84.90	90.07	75.42	93.47	95.51	88.70

Sources: census2011.co.in

State-wise Number of Total Worker, Main and Marginal by Sex Census of India-2011:

State	Total workers			Main worker			Marginal worker
State	Person	Male	Female	Person	Male	Female	Person	Male	Female
Arunachal Pradesh	587657	350273	237384	478721	301109	177612	108936	49164	59772
Assam	11969690	8541560	3428130	8687123	7034642	1652481	3282567	1506918	1775649
Nagaland	974122	547357	426765	741179	442204	298975	232943	105153	127790
Manipur	1159053	665463	493590	855012	554518	300494	304041	110945	193096
Mizoram	486705	290740	195965	415030	263305	151725	71675	27435	44240
Meghalaya	1185619	703709	481910	921575	585520	336055	264044	118189	145855
Tripura	1469521	1045326	424195	1077019	887881	189138	392502	157445	235057
Sikkim	308138	194358	113780	230397	160513	69884	77741	33845	43896

Source: Census of India 2011

State-wise Employment Exchange Statistics for the year 2020 and 2022:

2022
States/UT	Emp. Exchanges/ UEIGBs	Registration (in '000)	Vacancies notified (in '000)	Submission (in '000)	Placement (in '000)	Live Register (in '000)	% of Live Register to total Live Register	% of Placement to Submission
Arunachal Pradesh	12	59.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120.6	0.3	6.5
Assam	52	202.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	2030.4	4.4	0.0
Manipur	11	30.0	3.6	76.1	0.0	327.5	0.7	0.0
Meghalaya	12	3.1	0.9	2.2	0.0	19.6	0.0	0.0
Mizoram	3	8.8	0.5	1.6	0.0	40.7	0.1	0.0
Nagaland	8	6.6	0.0	0.0	0.5	92.1	0.2	0.0
Tripura	6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190.9	0.4	0.0
All India	1005	3996.7	1367.6	2637.6	644.6	45717.7	100.0	24.4
2020
State	(In Thousand)
State	Employment Exchanges / UEIGBS	Registration	Vacancies Notified	Submissions	Placement	Live Register	% of Live Registration to Total live Register	% of Placement to Submission
Arunachal Pradesh	12	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	96.4	0.2	0.0
Assam	52	192.6	0.1	1.4	0.9	1967.5	4.6	64.29
Manipur	11	7.6	0.3	14.0	0.0	270.5	0.6	0.0
Meghalaya	12	3.0	0.9	0.4	0.0	23.9	0.1	0.0
Mizoram	3	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.0	38.1	0.1	0.0
Nagaland	8	12.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	92.6	0.2	0.0
Tripura	5	8.8	0.0	0.0	0.2	186.9	0.4	0.0
All India	997	2074.0	419.5	1187.5	308.1	42829.2	100.0	25.93

Source: Employment Exchange statistics 2021 and 2023

State-wise Unemployment Rate - Usual Status (Adjusted) (Rural), 1993-94 to 2023-24:

(Per Thousands)

(Rural Male)
State/Union Territory	1993-94	1999-00	2004-05	2009-10	2011-12	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2022-23	2023-24
Arunachal Pradesh	16	8	11	15	17	43	61	54	35	65	45	54
Assam	46	32	24	34	43	74	62	68	30	31	12	36
Manipur	12	21	14	38	24	99	77	84	38	78	43	47
Meghalaya	4	5	1	3	4	3	19	10	7	9	35	37
Mizoram	14	14	5	13	13	59	42	48	25	29	10	15
Nagaland	21	26	22	98	146	190	144	252	187	77	36	55
Sikkim	6	32	28	47	9	20	30	25	7	9	14	27
Tripura	14	7	96	53	62	61	55	30	32	26	13	16
All India	14	17	16	16	17	58	56	45	39	38	28	27
(Rural Female)
State/Union Territory	1993-94	1999-00	2004-05	2009-10	2011-12	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2022-23	2023-24
Arunachal Pradesh	2	1	6	8	16	107	127	92	83	79	31	46
Assam	77	66	31	56	57	143	68	129	57	35	27	35
Manipur	7	15	7	37	30	178	156	123	38	144	49	66
Meghalaya	-	3	5	5	4	9	21	14	5	24	67	66
Mizoram	4	3	1	15	27	83	81	28	32	61	15	10
Nagaland	-	20	14	119	159	334	214	269	166	73	20	58
Sikkim	16	19	15	34	10	39	18	14	4	19	31	16
Tripura	58	44	320	198	203	79	283	25	23	45	6	12
All India	8	10	18	16	17	38	35	26	21	21	18	21
(Rural Overall)
State/Union Territory	1993-94	1999-00	2004-05	2009-10	2011-12	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2022-23	2023-24
Arunachal Pradesh	10	5	9	13	17	53	73	63	48	69	39	50
Assam	52	39	26	39	45	83	63	78	36	32	15	35
Manipur	10	19	11	38	26	116	98	95	38	95	45	55
Meghalaya	2	4	3	4	4	6	20	11	7	15	50	51
Mizoram	10	9	3	13	18	65	52	42	27	40	12	13
Nagaland	14	24	18	106	151	216	162	258	178	75	29	57
Sikkim	7	28	24	43	10	27	25	20	5	13	22	22
Tripura	23	12	133	92	105	63	93	28	29	31	11	14
All India	12	15	17	16	17	53	50	40	33	33	24	25

- : Not Available

Note: Employment figures are the sum of principal status and subsidiary status

Source: Handbook of Statistics on Indian States 2024

State-wise Unemployment Rate - Usual Status (Adjusted) (Urban), 1993-94 to 2023-24:

(Per Thousands)

(Urban Male)
State/Union Territory	1993-94	1999-00	2004-05	2009-10	2011-12	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2022-23	2023-24
Arunachal Pradesh	17	14	11	34	36	82	74	84	95	95	79	94
Assam	55	77	69	40	54	53	99	63	55	64	36	57
Manipur	48	69	52	50	56	111	98	110	102	68	62	56
Meghalaya	10	34	35	30	24	56	46	75	49	69	82	89
Mizoram	5	34	16	25	40	127	74	71	46	58	26	32
Nagaland	69	93	46	61	191	165	154	234	205	118	85	111
Sikkim	12	67	36	-	32	42	39	28	28	19	17	17
Tripura	60	54	166	93	115	60	87	47	43	41	26	27
All India	40	45	38	28	30	71	71	64	61	58	47	44
(Urban Female)
State/Union Territory	1993-94	1999-00	2004-05	2009-10	2011-12	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2022-23	2023-24
Arunachal Pradesh	73	100	28	32	87	206	290	114	140	193	169	181
Assam	256	189	91	125	70	114	155	183	169	196	127	118
Manipur	32	62	63	41	108	123	77	88	93	98	36	103
Meghalaya	31	68	35	90	37	89	133	183	110	123	180	206
Mizoram	5	24	26	34	67	177	127	88	42	101	49	39
Nagaland	64	87	72	190	360	364	429	309	318	198	87	116
Sikkim	62	100	43	-	-	99	75	30	35	57	39	69
Tripura	174	85	568	418	564	197	301	42	57	49	38	44
All India	62	57	69	57	52	108	99	89	86	79	75	71
(Urban Overall)
State/Union Territory	1993-94	1999-00	2004-05	2009-10	2011-12	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2022-23	2023-24
Arunachal Pradesh	26	29	12	34	48	99	111	90	106	120	109	128
Assam	89	97	72	52	56	63	107	87	78	94	61	74
Manipur	42	67	55	48	71	114	92	102	99	77	53	75
Meghalaya	17	46	35	51	28	67	75	109	71	89	123	140
Mizoram	5	30	19	28	50	144	91	77	44	72	35	34
Nagaland	68	91	55	92	238	211	211	257	240	146	86	113
Sikkim	31	75	37	-	23	58	49	29	30	30	22	30
Tripura	85	58	280	171	252	87	135	46	46	43	30	32
All India	45	47	45	34	34	78	77	70	67	63	54	51

- : Not Available

Note: Employment figures are the sum of principal status and subsidiary status

Source: Handbook of Statistics on Indian States 2024

**Worker Population in Northeast*, 2017-18 to 2023-24:**

State	Worker Population Ratio
State	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2022-23	2023-24
Arunachal Pradesh	42.3	40.9	44.3	48.5	47.1	64.6	68.5
Assam	43.7	43.4	43.2	50.5	52.1	52.7	64.3
Manipur	42.5	44.3	45.5	41.0	40.6	48.7	56.0
Meghalaya	62.3	61.8	58.6	62.0	60.5	65.5	72.1
Mizoram	46.4	45.6	50.7	54.5	48.9	55.1	53.0
Nagaland	32.8	38.1	44.8	49.5	58.4	67.5	68.1
Sikkim	58.7	61.1	68.8	71.3	69.9	72.7	74.4
Tripura	42.0	41.9	49.6	53.8	50.6	53.7	62.0
All India	46.8	47.3	50.9	52.6	52.9	51.8	58.2

* 15 years and above

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Annual Report, 2017-18 to 2023-24

**Unemployment Rate in Northeast*, 2017-18 to 2023-24:**

State	Unemployment Rate
State	2017-18	2018-19	2019-20	2020-21	2021-22	2022-23	2023-24
Arunachal Pradesh	5.8	7.7	6.7	5.7	7.7	4.9	6.1
Assam	7.9	6.7	7.9	4.1	3.9	2.3	3.9
Manipur	11.5	9.4	9.5	5.6	9.0	4.7	6.1
Meghalaya	1.6	2.7	2.7	1.7	2.6	6.2	6.2
Mizoram	10.1	7.0	5.7	3.5	5.4	2.2	2.3
Nagaland	21.4	17.4	25.7	19.2	9.1	4.6	7.1
Sikkim	3.5	3.1	2.2	1.1	1.6	1.7	2.3
Tripura	6.8	10.0	3.2	3.2	3.0	1.7	1.7
All India	6.0	5.8	4.8	4.2	4.1	5.1	3.2

* 15 years and above

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Annual Report, 2017-18 to 2023-24