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Tripura
Submitted by admin on Wed, 12/10/2008 - 15:50
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All over India the Gomukh is an auspicious emblem. Ancient drinking fountains and clear springs are often directed to flow through spouts fashioned in the form of a cow's head. Tripura is the gomukh of the north-east. It thrusts out into Bangladesh with only its neck attached to Mizoram and Assam. Tripura is one of the seven states in the north eastern part of India located between 22 degree and 56 minutes and 24 degree and 32 minutes north latitude and between 90 degree and 09 minutes and 92 degree and 20 minutes east latitude. It is bounded on the north, west, south and south-east by Bangladesh whereas in the east it has a common boundary with Assam and Mizoram. There is a common belief that the name of the State has originated from "Tripura Sundari" - the presiding deity of the land which is famous as one of the 51 pithos of Hindu Pilgrims. Apart from this traditional view it is believed that originally the land was known as "Tuipra" meaning a land adjoining the water. It is fact that in days of yore the boundaries of Tripura was extended up to the Bay of Bengal when its rulers held sway from Garo hills to Arakan. The history of Tripura as a administrative unit dates back to the days of Maharajas when the territory was a native State. It is significant to note that all though Tripura was conquered by force of arms in 1761, no Political agents was appointed in the State till 1871 - a gap of 110 years. The former princely state of Tripura was ruled by Maharajas of Manikya dynasty. It was an independent administrative unit under the Maharaja even during the British rule in India though this independence was qualified, being subject to the recognition of the British, as the paramount power, of each successive ruler. After independence of India, an agreement of merger of Tripura with the Indian Union was signed by the Regent Maharani on September 9, 1947 and the administration of the state was actually taken over by the Govt. of India on October 15, 1949. Tripura became a Union Territory without legislature with effect from November 1, 1956 and a popular ministry was installed in Tripura on July 1, 1963. On January 21, 1972 Tripura attained statehood. Tripura is a hilly and landlocked state endowed with vast green forests and established gas reserves . The state has a total area of 10492 sq. km . and attained statehood on January 21 , 1972 . The state has a long border with Bangladesh of 856 km. After Kerala , Tripura is the largest producer of natural rubber and the rubber produced is of superior quality . The state also has the distinction of being the highest producer of True Potato Seeds in the country.
Total Population - 2001 Census:(In Nos.)
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
NSDP of Tripura:(Rs. lacs)
Source: Central Statistical Organisation, (CSO)
The NSDP of Tripura at current prices for the year 2005-06 was Rs.837544 lakh and NSDP at constant ( 1999-2000 ) prices in 2005-06 was Rs 719741 lakh .
Per Capita:
Source: Central Statistical Organisation, (CSO)
The per capita income at constant (1999-2000) prices was Rs.21231 in 2005-06. The per capita income at current prices in 2005-06 was Rs.24706.
As in the other states of the north east , Tripura’s economy is primarily agrarian and agriculture and its allied activities contributes nearly 34 % to the state’s Net Domestic Product . Agriculture in Tripura includes traditional Jhum (shifting) cultivation. Area, Production & Average yield per hector of important crops:(Area in hect., production in tones/bales and yield in kg. per hector)
P- Provisional Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
Area and production of fruits and plantation crops in Tripura:(Area in Hectors, Production in M/T)
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
The Fisheries plays an important role in Tripura. Fish is one of the vital food item of the diet of 95 percent of Tripura’s population. Fisheries also play a major role in economic development of the State. The State Government’s main thrust is to establish the Slogan “Fish for All – All for fish – All for Fishers” in the State. Fisheries programme is undertaken for rural development aiming to generate rural employment along with the socio-economic improvement of the fisher fold of the State. In recent year fresh water aqua-culture has made a significant progress in the State. The sector has potential to attain self sufficiency in fish production. State Government has also given utmost importance to popularize scientific techniques to fish production through training/extension work to the farmers.
Considering the increasing demand of fish, the State Government has been given emphasis to increase the productivity of the existing water areas. Till 2006-07 Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDA) have brought 6576.24 hectares water area under scientific fish culture.
Fisheries in Tripura:(Production in Tonnes, Value Rs. Lakhs)
Note: (i) Excluding subsistence fisheries (ii) Catch of fish by non-professional fisherman Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
Area under forest:(Area in Sq.Km.)
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
Revenue from forest and expenditure on forest in Tripura:(Rs. in lakh)
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
Tripura as a state has a higher literacy rate (73.66% according to 2001 census) than India , as a country. Tripura Madhya Shikshya Parishad , responsible for conducting the State-wise 10th and 12th level examination was formed in 1976. Before that the students in Tripura could give those public examinations under West Bengal Board of Secondary education. Higher education in Tripura has been given priority during the five year plans. Every year a few top students join the various highly reputed technical institutions of the country.
Number of Educational Institutional by Type in Tripura:
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
Classification of School in Tripura during the year 2006-07:
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
Tripura has established major lead in spreading health care system in remote parts. Several development projects were implemented under the health care system. The state government has taken several efforts for development of health care primary health centers.
Number of Medical (Allopathic) Institution in Tripura:
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
During the year 2006-07, there were 22 hospitals, 86 primary health centre and rural hospitals and 579 dispensaries through which the State Government has been providing basic health facilities to all section of the society.
Number of beds in govt. Institutions in Tripura for the year 1995-96 to 2006-07:
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
Tripura has two sources of power generation – Hydro and Thermal . The state also has natural gas, which can be used for thermal power generation . Out of the two major sources of power generation, thermal power accounts for 86% while the remaining 14 percent is generated from Gomati Power Project (hydro). Due to the increase in the demand for electricity, the state is experiencing persistent power shortage and hence frequent power cuts are enforced upon . Installed Capacity, Generation and Consumption of Electricity in Tripura:
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
During 2006-07 the total installed capacity was 110.00 MW and total power generated was 566.03 MU, total purchase of power was 537.74 MU in 2006-07 which is 86.07 MU lower than that purchase in 2005-06. The total unit sold to ultimate consumers in 2006-07 was 389.85 MU. Despite commendable successes, the position in relation to needs remains highly unsatisfactory. The per capita power consumption is meager. Power to Ultimate Consumers by Public Electricity undertaking in Tripura:(In M.U.)
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
Number of towns and villages electrified in Tripura:(in M.U.)
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
It is observed that a large expansion of this source of energy is required. As such about 95.74 per cent of the villages and 100 percent towns are electrified which raises both the income and expenditure of the department. But it is found that expenditures far exceeds the income. Kutir Jyoti, a centrally sponsored scheme to give assistance to the people living below poverty line is providing electricity free of cost. Till 1997-98 , there were 6217 connections under this scheme which has gone up to 55419 in 2006-07.
Infrastructure facilities in Animal Husbandry in Tripura:
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
Number of Milk Plants and Milk Chilling Centre and capacity:
Source: Statistical Abstract of Tripura 2007
Economic development of a State or region is generally related to its industrial development. The State is industrially backward and main reasons of its backwardness are geographical isolation as well as connectivity with the mainland of India. The level of industrialisation of the State is evident from its contribution to the State’s GSDP at current prices, the contribution of the manufacturing sector both organised and un-organised combined together was 2.17 percent in 2005-06, which shows low level of industrialisation. The main objective of the State Government is to promote agricultural, small scale, food processing, large and medium scale industries in the State. Besides, undertaking the geological and mining activities, promotion of plantation crops i.e., tea, rubber etc. as well as increase in the export and import are also the priority sector of the State Government. Gearing-up industrial activities with the help of available natural resources as well as removal of infrastructure bottlenecks are the thrust area for economic development of the State. Creation of an integrated and comprehensive base for industrialisation through proper linkage between medium, large and small-scale industries is the focused area of the State. Efforts are being made to promote entrepreneurship within the State, the outside investors in the public and private sectors are also been encouraged both for their financial capabilities and technical expertise, for setting-up medium and large-scale units. The State Government also laid due importance for development of the industrial infrastructure by way of augmentation of power, water supply, development of industrial areas with all common facilities etc. Although the State is backward in industrialisation but has the potentiality for industrial opportunities and improvement which in turn will increase employment generation in the State. The strategies of industrialisation for the State would be as follows as recommended by the Sub-Committee under the State Planning Board constituted by the State Government.
Industrial Infrastructure:
The industrial infrastructure in Tripura is not well developed. At present there are 7-industrial estates, 2-growth centres, 1-export promotion industrial park and 1-food processing technology park in the State.
(i) No. of industrial estates - 7 (ii) Growth centre - 2 (iii) Export promotion industrial park - 1
The two industrial growth centres are situated in Ambassa, Dhalai District which is not most backward district of the State and Dukli, West Tripura. The details of which have been provided below.
The status of Industrial Growth Centres in the State is presented in the following table.
Source: Economic Review of Tripura 2006-07
The allotment of land and sheds constructed till 2006-07 is presented below.
Source: Economic Review of Tripura 2006-07
Registered SSI units:
The district-wise break up in-respect of number of units/employment/investment during 2002-03 to 2006-07 is presented in the following table.
Source: Economic Review of Tripura 2006-07
Banking is one of the important instruments for economic development. A network of financial institutions helps the economy to deploy its saving more efficiently. Financial institutions input banks, insurance companies, provident and pension funds, mutual funds savings banks and security markets.
The instrumental structure of the financial system in the State is not well developed the financial institutions are mainly base on public sector banks, provident and pension funds and insurance companies. Public sector banks have also expended their network particularly during last two to three decades. In 1969, there were five Scheduled Nationalised Commercial Bank branches, which served an average population of 2,76,000 per bank branch. In March 2007, there are 186-Scheduled Nationalised commercial Bank branches in the State serving an average population of 18,655 per commercial bank branches.
The Census 2001 data reveals that proportion of households availing banking services in the State is 26.5 percent that is low compare to all India level of 35.5 percent.
During the financial year 2006-07, there were 232 bank branches of all types of commercial banks including Nationalised Banks, Regional Rural Bank (Tripura Gramin Bank and Co-operative Bank is functioning in the State. Out of these, 122 branches in rural areas, 61 branches in semi-urban areas and rest 49 branches in urban area are functioning in the State.
Distribution of Bank Branches:
Source: Economic Review of Tripura 2006-07
In all Schedules Nationalised Commercial Banks, total deposit was Rs. 4,094 crore against total credit Rs. 1,363 crore in June 2007. There are no Foreign Banks in Tripura.
The credit-deposit ratio of Tripura in June, 2007 was 33.29 percent which was 31.31 percent in June, 2006. All India credit-deposit ratio in June 2007 was 71.80 percent. Similar credit-deposit ratio for March 2005 stood at 29.65 percent against all India credit-deposit ratios of 66.04 percent in the same period.
Agartala the capital city of Tripura ranked 98th position among top hundred cities in-terms of aggregate deposits. The total deposits in Agartala city was Rs. 2,244 crore with annual growth rate of 23.6 per cent in June 2007 as indicate in the RBI report. There were other two capital cities of North-East namely Guwahati and Shillong ranked 27th and 84th, respectively among top hundred cities in-term of aggregate deposits in June 2007.
The district wise break-up of offices, deposits and credit for all Scheduled Nationalised Commercial Bank and Regional Rural Bank (TGB) in June,2007 was shown in the following table: -
Source: Economic Review of Tripura 2006-07
There is a lone RRB named as Tripura Gramin Bank having 89 branches, covering all the districts in the State. The total amount deposited in Tripura Gramin Bank at the end of June 2007 was Rs. 1,021 crore and the amount credited up to June 2007 was Rs. 472 crore.
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