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North East India
Submitted by admin on Tue, 11/11/2008 - 11:32
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The North East of India constitutes the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura.
Flanked by hills and with the mighty Brahmaputra river slashing a central path between its north and south, the North East is bounded by the States of Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura with Assam comprising the heart. Arunachal Pradesh lies to its north and Sikkim a little away in the North West bordering China and Bhutan. Bangladesh and Myanmar lie to its southwest and east. The torrential Brahmaputra deposits its rich alluvial silt along the banks of the plains of Assam. Tropical rain forest, rich in flora and fauna, spread their arms across Arunachal Pradesh into Assam. It is a land where tea is an industry, handicrafts a major occupation and martial arts a favoured sport.
The western side of the North East is connected to the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent by a narrow land corridor, sometimes referred to as the Siliguri Neck or "Chicken's Neck". The eight states that comprise the region reflect ecological and cultural contrasts between the hills and the plains; there are also significant elements of continuity. Available medieval and modern records indicate interdependence and interaction between the hills and plains. The North East is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world. The forest cover varies but average 65 per cent is government owned. Village communities, individuals and chiefs own the rest. The area can be divided into three geographical divisions-the Shillong Plateau, the North Eastern hill Basin and the Brahmaputra Valley.
The economy of Northeast India has got its definite identity due to its peculiar physical, economic and socio-cultural characteristics. This region consists of eight states viz., Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Sikkim. The NER of India covers an area of 2.62 lakh sq. km. It accounts for 7.9% of total geographical area of the country. With a total population of 39 million (2001), it accounts for 3.8% of total population of India.
Total Population - 2001 Census:(Persons)
* Excludes Mao Maram, Paomata and Purul sub-division of Senapati dist. Source: Basic Statistics of NER 2006
Per Capita Income:
The natural resource endowments and education levels of the population not with standing, the NER represents one of the least developed – economically and industrially – regions of the country.
This fact is clearly brought out by the following economic and demographic features of NER, as compared with that of the country.
Per Capita Net State Domestic Product at Current Prices as on 15.09.2008:(Rs.)
Source: Central Statistical Organisation (CSO)
Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (at 1999-00 Prices) as on 15.09.2008:(Rs.)
Source: Central Statistical Organisation (CSO)
The pattern of agricultural growth has however remained uneven across regions and crops. The NER continues to be a net importer of food grains even for its own consumption. In spite of covering 7.7% of the country’s total geographical area, NER produces only 1.5 % of the country’s total food grain production. Agriculture provides livelihood support to 70 % of the population of NER.
Area of foodgrains, 2006-07:(Area in Hectare)
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture
Production of foodgrains, 2006-07:(Production in '000 tonnes)
Note: @ 500 tonnes and less. Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture
There is a great potential in the NER in the fishery sector. Due to various reasons currently there is low fish production in the NER. At present the NER imports around 90,000 tonnes of fish from outside the region.
Fish Production in NER 2006-2007 (Provisional):(In 000' Tonnes)
Source: Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi
Industrially, the NER continues to be the most backward region in the country, and the states in the region hardly have any industrial base, except perhaps Assam, because of its traditional tea, oil and wood based industries. To some extent Meghalaya has made some headway in setting up of small and medium industries. There are a number of factors contributing to the lack of industrial growth in the region like poor infrastructure, inadequate supply of electricity, violence and extortion etc.
Annual Survey of Industries: Employment of Value added-Statewise: Factory Sector 2004-2005:
Source: Statistical Pocket Book India 2008
Khadi and Village Industry (KVI):
For providing employment opportunities in rural areas and thereby strengthening the rural economy, KVI plays an important role. In order to have better implementation and monitoring of KVI programmes in NER, a zonal office of KVIC has also been set up in Guwahati.
Performance Under Khadi & Village Industries in North-Eastern Region, 2003-04:
Source : Economic Survey Manipur 2007-08
The tea industry of NER is the world's largest tea growing region having 16 % shares, and is the largest producer and exporter of tea in India (share 55%)
State-wise Production of Tea in N.E. Region, 2006-07:(Figures in Thousand kgs.)
Source: Tea Board, Guwahati.
Access to educational institutions promoting skill development is a prerequisite for providing trained man power. As per 1991 census literacy rate of NER was 58.09% (all India 52.2%), while in 2001 it was 68.5% (all India 64.8%). Mizoram has the second highest literacy rate in India. The following table gives the number of educational Institutions in the NER.
Source: Draft Report of the Task force on Development Initiatives for the NER, Sept. 2005.
The number of branches of Scheduled Commercial Banks in NER totaled at 2076 as on March 31, 2007. The figure was 2027 as on March 31st, 2006.
Number of Scheduled Commercial Banks and their Offices, Deposits & Credits of Scheduled Commercial Banks of North Eastern Region upto 31st March. 2007:
Source: RBI, Statistical Tables Relating to Banks in India, 2006-2007
Present Position of Banking in the North East (Scheduled Commercial Banks) as on March 31st 2007:
Source: Statistical Tables Relating to Banks in India, 2006-2007, RBI.
The total installed capacity for power generation in the NER, as on 31st August 2006, is placed at 2404.2 MW. The power generation capacity includes the three sectors viz. the state sector, central sector and private generation. The break-up is given below:
Installed Capacity as on 31-08-2006 (Figures in MW):
Capacity Addition During 10th Plan (As Planning Commission) (In MW):
During the past six years or so, the capacity additions made in the power sector in the NER aggregated to 999 MW of which the contribution of the State sector is 148.5 MW (16.30 percent and the Central sector was 760.5 MW (83.60 Percent)
Rural Electrification:
Cumulatively, 29605 villages have been electrified out of a total of 40261 inhabited villages (as per 2001 census) in the NER up to 31.3.05. The table shows rural electrification in NER.
Source: Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No. 1863, dated 09.03.2006.
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